The 1967 Referendum in Australia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 463 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? THE 1967 REFERENDUM The1967 referendum was held by the Menzies (I think? ) government. It was held after 10 years of Aboriginal activists fighting for their rights for suffrage, equal rights and fair treatment. This involved removing TWO offensive clauses in the Australian Constitution. Im pretty sure (but youll have to google to check) that these were Section 51 Clause 127, which listed Aborigines as animals protected under the Flora and Fauna Act, rather than human beings. The other clause referred back to this one speaking of rights that were entitled to; all humans except the Indigenous peoples of the land but Im not sure what or where it was. State wide voting had been granted for Aborigines in 1961, and although its a common misconception, the right to vote was not a major point in this protest it was predominantly about the principal of the matter, that everyone had the right to be named human. Aborigines had also been granted the rights to pay offs such as unemployment and The Doll, so that had nothing to do with their desire for a title as human. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The 1967 Referendum in Australia" essay for you Create order The 1967 referendum gave Aborigines the right to vote in nationwide elections. It was one of two referendums to be passed in Australian history, and they won by a landslide. 90. 7% of the Australian public voted Yes in the poll, which read something like: Do you support the removal of the offensive clauses pertaining to the indigenous peoples of this land and their right to human treatment? (Look it up, thats a vague memory). THE POINT OF THE 1500 WORD ASSIGNMENT is to celebrate the fact that about 90% of white Australians were in support of this change to the constitution, so dont focus too much on the mistreatment aspects. Look up a few of the white supporters who helped the Aborigine protestors (who are really easy to find on wikipedia they started protesting in 1957). RELEVANT INFORMATION The 1956 Olympics brought international attention to Australias Aborigines, and many countries began to enquire as to the Anglo-Celtic governments treatment of the traditonal owners of the land. This put strain on them to show the world that they were a multicultural society (with the White Australia Policy BEGINNING to break down at this time). No more than a few sentences need be said about this, but it could serve as a good introduction. SO, TO SUMMARISE; 1957: four main Aboriginal Rights Activists (who were all Aborigine themselves) began to protest against the racism and discrimination brought upon their peoples). 1961: the Australian Government allowed state wide voting for Aborigines, land rights (although they had to get government permission to marry, move and seek employment). 1967: Referendum held, 90. 7% of the population voted yes. This granted Aborigines the title of Human Beings and the right to vote on a national scale.

El Nino Phenomenon Free Essays

El Nino has been a reoccurring phenomenon for centuries. What exactly is El Nino? â€Å"The term El Nino refers to a massive warming off the coastal waters of Peru and Equador that frequently extends more than 90 degrees of longitude. It is related to the Southern Oscillation, the atmospheric component of this phenomenon†¦ † (Gottschalk, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on El Nino Phenomenon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because El Nino and Southern Oscillation are often coupled, the term ENSO is used. (Garrison, 1999) This event usually last up to a year but can last up to three years. El Nino occurs every several years. The areas that are most affected by this event are all ocean areas at tradewind latitudes in both hemispheres. (Garrison, 1999) El Nino has been linked to flood and droughts all over the world. El Nino causes significant changes in biology and weather when it occurs. During an El Nino cycle there are many biological changes. During an El Nino thermocline is low and therefore there is less photosynthetic activity following in a decrease in the primary life forms. The warmer waters that are brought by El Nino hold less oxygen demanding the fish to go somewhere else. Cook 1998) â€Å"Although upwelling may occur during an ENSO event, the source of upwelled water is nutrient-depleted water in the thickened surface layer approaching from the west†(Garrison, 1999). This does not help the fisherman to make money or eat during an ENSO event. This biological decrease also hurts the economy because the fishermen in the areas affected are not catching the right amount of fish to make money. Biological change is due to the climate and weather change during El Nino. The surface winds that move the ocean currents are a major controller in weather. During El Nino when the easterlies weaken and retract eastward during the early stages, the upwelling slows and the ocean warms along with the moist air above the ocean. The change in the ocean temperatures causes a major rain section over the western Pacific to move eastward. In this way small changes in the ocean and wind currents continue to magnify each other until a full-blown El Nino occurs. † The increased evaporation intensifies coastal storms, and rainfall inland may be much higher than normal†(Garrison, 1999). The impacts of El Nino upon climate in temperature show up most during wintertime. Most El Nino winters are not that cold over western Canada and parts over the United States, and wet over the Southern United States and from Texas to Florida. (Whipple, 1998) According to Helvarg (1998), El Nino occurs at irregular intervals ranging from two years to a decade, and no two events are ever exactly alike. The 1982-83 El Nino was a surprise because it was not proceeded by a period of stronger easterlies on the Equator. It also occurred late in the calendar year. The economic impact was large. The Equador and Peru fishing industries suffered heavily. Up to a hundred inches of rain fell in Equador and Peru. The new vegetation swarmed grasshoppers, which increased the toad and bird population. Further west they found abnormal wind patterns and this shifted typhoons and sent them to Hawaii and Tahiti, which was unaccustomed to severe weather. The total amount of damage was $8 billion. â€Å"This years El Nino [1997-1998] has been the strongest ever recorded† (Helvarg, 1998). This El Nino drought had more of an impact than its rains. El Nino also infuriated tornado and storm activity in the Southeast. † In Alabama 34 people were killed and some 5,000 acres of trees knocked down in April when deadly tornadoes struck† (Helvarg, 1998). This record braking tornado event was spawned by the collision of warm, moist air that lingered over the warm Pacific and a polar front that had dropped from the north. (Garrison, 1999) In parts of Northwest U. S. there where massive clear-cut logging operations have to take place on mountain slopes, El Nino†s rains and big surfs contributed to what has become a pattern of landslide and flooding. In the Hawaiian Islands El Nino weakened the tradewinds that normally bring rain, resulting in a three month long winter drought. This damaged crops and sparked wildfires that depleted hundreds of acres of endangered native species. (Helvarg, 1998) Conditions from this year El Nino did not return to normal until late spring of 1998. (Garrison, 1998) â€Å"Estimates of worldwide 1997-1998 damage exceeded $25 billion†(Garrison, 1999) According to Garrison(1999), the contrasting colder events that occur are known as La Nina. As conditions to the east cool off, the ocean to the west warm rapidly. The renewed thrust of the trade winds piles this water upon itself, depressing the upper curve of the thermocline too more than 100 meters deep. According to Whipple (1998), weather from El Nino and La Nina are not symmetrical. Scientists have only recently recognized La Nina events. Since World War II there have been only one La Nina for every three El Ninos. Delivered along with El Nino†s wrath has been increased emphasis on the need to understand this often destructive weather phenomenon† (Gottschalk, 1998). If we understand El Nino we can better prepare and find better equipment to predict it. Buoys were arranged in the ocean to understand and predict ocean currents better. These buoys were placed between New Guinea and the Galapagos Islands. Each buoy measures surface wind, air temperature, humidity, sea surface temperature and subsurface temperature down to 500 meters. The data is then transferred to weather centers all over the world. The data is then analyzed and used for climate forecasting. Scientists are also trying to predict El Nino by National and Oceanic Administration weather satellites. From these satellites they have been able to track shifting patterns of sea surface temperatures. NASA satellite images also help us to see the shifting patterns of storms over the equator. NASA†s EOS provides ocean sea-surface vector winds. This will be launched in the year 2000. This is called SeaWinds microwave radar. â€Å"Adding to the El Nino data pile will be MODIS with its sea-surface temperature and ocean color sensors, Jason 1 for sea-surface height, and TRmm for tropical rainfall. On the ground, the EOS Data and information System (EOSDIS) ground will focus on processing, analyzing, and disseminating information gathered by this orbiting army of satellites† (Gottschallk, 1998). Over the years, several NASA missions have studied the effects associated with El Nino. Earliest efforts at mapping sea surface temperatures and cloud cover were done using two different satellites in 1978. Since then there have been many improvements made. The number of channels was increased from 4 to 5. These channels allow the instruments to view in parts of the electromagnetic visible and infrared spectrum. This increases the amount of readily available information on El Nino. All these things above help to better predict El Nino and to allow the countries the will be affected to prepare for it. This is important for the developing countries because the economy is very sensitive to climate change. Rice and cotton are two primary crops of Peru and are highly sensitive to rainfall (Encyclopedia). Therefore, if the farmers were told that El Nino were coming they would know whether to plant more rice or cotton in a year. Tropical countries have the most to gain from predictions but non-tropical countries require a more accurate prediction of El Nino. Countries such as Japan and United States will benefit in the strategic planning in areas such as agriculture, the management of water resources and the reserves of grain and fuel oil. Scientists and governments are working together to design and build a global system for predicting El Nino and other irregular climates. Governments should make climate predictions available daily like they make weather forecasts available to the public today. The ability to prepare how climate will change leads to better management of agriculture, water supplies, fisheries and other resources. By doing all these things people are going to become better adept to all irregular rhythms of climate. How to cite El Nino Phenomenon, Essay examples

King Lear The Role Of The Fool Essays - King Lear, British Films

King Lear: The Role of the Fool In Shakespeare's, King Lear, the Fool plays three major roles. One of these roles is of an "inner-conscience" of Lear. The Fool provides basic wisdom and reasoning for the King at much needed times. The Fool also works as amusement for Lear in times of sadness and is also one of the only people besides the Duke of Kent and Cordelia who are willing to stand up to the King. The Fool works as the "inner conscience" of Lear throughout the play. The Fool shows Lear the side of reasoning and tries to persuade Lear that it was wrong to banish Cordelia. The Fool only first appears in Act 1, scene four, after Cordelia has moved away with the King of France. The Fool knows that Lear has done wrong by giving all his land away to his to evil daughters, Goneril and Regan, and tells him so in act one, scene four, when he says, "All thy other titles thou hast given away; that thou wast born with." The Fool also warns Lear about Goneril and Regan stating that Lear is now a lap dog to Goneril and Regan, "Truth's a dog must to kennel; he must be whipped out when the Lady Brach may stand by the fire and stink." The Fool disappears in act three, when Lear goes mad. This shows that the Fool is Lear's view of reasoning because when a person goes insane they cannot think straight or reason and therefore after act three there is no need for Lear to have a Fool as he is mad. The Fool also tries to help Lear to feel a bit better about what is going on by putting a humorous spin on the words he is saying. The Fool uses poetry and song to get his view across to Lear. In act one, this is visible in numerous ways. For example, in scene four the Fool sings: Then they for sudden joy did weep, And I for sorrow sung, That such a King should play bo-peep And go the fools among. This little verse helps the Fool the show Lear again that dividing his kingdom was a mistake. The Fool throughout this act also refers to Lear as a fool himself and many times offers him his coxcomb. In King Lear, there are only three people with the ability to stand up to Lear. Cordelia, Kent and the Fool. During the play Lear threatens to have the Fool whipped for what he says, when Cordelia and Kent get banished from the Kingdom for speaking their minds. This just shows the special relationship the Fool and Lear have during the play. This point is emphasised later in the play when Lear shows concern and compassion towards the Fool, "Come on, my boy. How dost my boy, art thou cold?" The Fool is not just a servant to Lear but is also a friend and the son Lear never had. The name "Fool" means nothing. He is the most intelligent and insightful character in the play and provides simple and clear reasoning for a one sighted King. The Fool is loyal to the bitter end and provides the little bits of humour in this play. He has honesty and integrity that is only found in a few other characters in the play. Bibliography KING LEAR BOOK

Self Awareness Essay Example

Self Awareness Essay Example Self Awareness Essay Self Awareness Essay And moral judgment Attitudes Cognitive style (towards change) Developing adaptability and responsibility Determine information acquisition and evaluation Interpersonal style Determine preferences and interaction patterns (Carbolic 2005) Preserving face Known to self to others Arena know to others Facade Not known to self Blinds Unknown Dwyer (2000) Communication in Business: Strategies and ask Self perception ; Think about the image you have of yourself. Quickly Write the first 6-10 words that come to mind ; Of these words write the words that are in your Arena and those in your facade. ; Give examples Of each Work with partner ; What image do they project? Write the first 4 words that come to mind. ; Discuss your findings. One at a time! Remember ; Any discrepancy between perceptions can serve as a learning opportunity for both ; What have you learnt of your bloodspot or facade? Perceptual distortions Stereotyping generalizing ; Halo effect trait dominates sloppiness ; Central tendency averages everything ; Contrast effects evaluations affected ; Projection ; Perceptual defense called upon to preserve our self-perception (Wilson 2010) In groups concepts used ; Did you mostly use adjectives which tend to be evaluative nouns which tend to be neutral verbs which tend to be behavior oriented ; What have you learnt of your perceptual filters? What perceptual distortion do you mostly use? Lessons to be learned Ones perceptions can never be totally accurate ; Rephrase what is said ; Question your conclusions of others judging others has life implications ; The greater self-understanding the easier not to make extreme judgments.

Using the Spanish Verb Saber

Using the Spanish Verb Saber Saber is a common verb whose basic meaning is to have knowledge or to have knowledge of. Although it is often translated as to know, it should not be confused with conocer, which also is often translated as to know. The basic meaning of saber can be seen most clearly when it is followed by a noun or a phrase functioning as a noun:  ¿Sabe alguien los horarios de los buses desde el aeropuerto? Does anyone know the times of the buses from the airport?Nuestra presidente no sabe inglà ©s. Our president doesnt know English.No se sabe mucho de su muerte. Not much is known about his death.Sà © bien la verdad. I know the truth well.Nunca sabemos el futuro. We never know the future. When followed by an infinitive, saber often means to know how: El que no sabe escuchar no sabe entender. The one who doesnt know how to listen doesnt know how to understand.No saben escribir en cursiva. They dont know how to write in cursive.El problema era que los dos no sabà ­amos nadar. The problem was that the two of us didnt know how to swim. Saber can mean to find out. This is especially true when it is used in the preterite tense: Supe que todos tenemos cosas en comà ºn. I found out that all of us have things in common.Nunca supieron que estaban equivocados. They never found out that they were mistaken. In context, saber can be used to say to have news about someone or something: No sà © nada de mi madre. I dont have any news about my mother. The phrase saber a can be used to indicate what something tastes like: Yo no he comido iguana, pero se dice que sabe a pollo. I havent eaten iguana, but they say it tastes like chicken. Remember that saber is conjugated irregularly.

U.S. Perspectives and Foreign Policy in Latin America Essay

U.S. Perspectives and Foreign Policy in Latin America - Essay Example The BBC asserted that while the U.S. government has been busy implementing its war against terrorism in Iran and Afghanistan, its relations with Latin America turned sour, from Mexico down to Peru. Strong anti-American feelings, or what one Peruvian leader called "the neo-liberal economic model that has failed to benefit our nation", converted into a string of electoral victories by what the West perceives as left-leaning governments. 2 A "leftward" drift is apparent in Latin America's southern hemisphere since the start of the decade. In Venezuela, leftist Hugo Chavez garnered 56.93% of the votes in 30 July 2000. In Brazil, center-Left Luis Inacio LULA da Silva won 61.27% in the second round of elections in October 27, 2002. In Argentina, left-leaning Nestor Kirchner was sworn in as president on May 25, 2003 to a four-year term of office after his rival, Carlos Menem, decided to stand down. In Uruguay, Tabar Ramn Vzquez Rosas of the Frente Amplio garnered 51.94% in the October 31, 2004 elections. In Bolivia, left-wing Evo Morales won a historic 54% of the vote in 18 December 2005. In Chile, center-Left Michelle Bachelet's second round votes of 53.49% beat Michelle Bachelet in 15 January 2006. In Peru, center-Left Alan Garcia beat Ollanta Humala in 4 June 2006. 3 Lula is again expected to win in the upcoming run-off elections this 29 October 2006. On December 3, Venezuela's Chavez will face liberal democrat Manuel Rosales. Elsewhere in the region, leftward shifts that are not necessarily anti-U.S. have also been observed in Honduras, Haiti, and Costa Rica. Former Nicaraguan Sandinista Party Chief Daniel Ortega will make another presidential re-election bid in November 2006. II. Independence, Regional Integration and Petroleum Politics Noam Chomsky, the renowned linguist and political analyst, noted in June 2006 that for the first time since the Spanish colonization, many countries in the hemisphere are "moving towards a degree of independence and towards a degree of integration." Petroleum-oil and gas-is a key issue. Chomsky adds that the United states is "terrified" considering that the largest energy producer in the hemisphere is Venezuela, which is one of the five founding members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). Bolivia, with its vast gas reserves, is second to Venezuela. 4 Last February, U.S. secretary of state Condoleezza Rice accused Chavez of "Latin brand of populism that has taken countries down the drain," and that Venezuela's relationship with Cuba is "particularly dangerous." 5 A controversial figure next to Venezuela's Hugo Chavez is Evo Morales of Bolivia. Last March 2006, Noam Chomsky said of Evo Morales's victory: "Morales' election reflects the entry of the indigenous population into the political arena throughout the continent. Along with other popular forces, indigenous people are demanding control over their own resources, a serious threat to Washington's plans to rely on resources from the Western hemisphere, particularly energy." 6 Otto Reich, former assistant secretary of state for the Western hemisphere and adviser to President George Bush, presents a different view however. In the same BBC interview with Noam Chomsky regarding Evo Morales challenge to the

Macroeconomic Performance and Strategic Decisions Essay - 1

Macroeconomic Performance and Strategic Decisions - Essay Example Kazakhstan is an emerging economy in Central Asia and is one of the former Soviet republics. Each of these countries would be analysed on four main areas. The analysis would outline the four parts of this paper. Part one is a summary of the macroeconomic performance of each country over the last three years (2004-2006). Part two is a critical evaluation of the economy as a target market for exports. Part three is a critical examination of advantages and disadvantages of the economy as a potential source of inputs into a manufacturing company. Part four is an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the economy as a location for foreign direct investment or FDI. Table 1 summarises key economic indicators for these countries. The researcher acknowledges the sources in the Bibliography. The UK, with a total GDP of $1.8 trillion growing 3.1% annually is the world's fourth largest economy and has a population of 59 million with high disposable incomes, making it one of the best gateways to penetrate European markets with a per capita income of $30,447 at purchasing power parity. This former world superpower is the world's 6th freest (of 155) economy (Heritage, 2007, p. 381), the 10th (of 125 countries) most competitive nation on earth (World Economic Forum, 2006, p. xvii), and the world's 21st most competitive economy, which includes sub-economies that are not states or countries like Catalonia in Spain (IMD, 2006, p. 7). The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of the Bank of England (BOE) keeps a close look at the inflation rate that is only slightly rising between 2 and 3% annually by monitoring interest rates (BOE, 2007). The U.K. uses two inflation measures: the Retail Price Index (RPI) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Both are similar but with minor differences in composition, coverage, and weighting of prices in the index. Since December 2003, the CPI has been used for monetary policy with a target of 2.0% on average over time (BOE, 2007). The sterling exchange rate remains strong against the U.S. dollar and stayed within the range of 0.58 to 0.53 by end-2006. The sterling weakened against the Euro as expected from 0.69 to 0.72 by end-2006, a trend expected to last until end-2007 depending on Eurozone interest rates changes. These currency movements were affected by the weakening of the U.S. economy and a strengthening Eurozone with respect to the UK, signifying low currency volatility due to sterling's lack of attractiveness as a medium for short-term capital flows in currency markets caused by the UK's flat interest rate curve (BOE, 2007, p. 2). The UK stock market continued to rise, returning 22.0% up to December 2006, continuing a two-year trend, with the FTSE 100 index closing higher by end-2006. The UK equities market is expected to follow its upward trajectory in 2007 on the back of stable prices and renewed business and consumer confidence. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HK SAR) The HKSAR celebrated last July 1, 2007 its tenth anniversary since its handover by the UK to the People's Republic of China. HKSAR retains its unique status as a Special Administrative Region until 2047 and hopes to remain as the world's most liberal capitalist economy whilst at the same time being a part of the largest and most progressive Communist nation with